Storm Surge: The Deadliest Aspect of Hurricanes

Introduction

When we talk about hurricanes, we often focus on the strong winds and heavy rainfall that the storm brings. However, there's one aspect of hurricanes that is especially deadly and often overlooked - storm surge. Simply put, storm surge is the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide. It can cause devastating flooding and significant damage to coastal infrastructure, homes, and businesses. In this article, we'll dive deep into this topic and provide you with the basic knowledge about storm surge and its impact during hurricanes.

The Causes of Storm Surge

Winds

The primary cause of storm surge is the wind generated by a hurricane. The stronger the hurricane's winds, the higher the storm surge will be. The wind pushes water onto the shore, causing it to pile up and create an increase in sea level known as storm surge.

Pressure

The lower the pressure in the center of the hurricane, the higher the storm surge. This is because low pressure causes the air to rise which, in turn, causes the water below to also rise. The steep drop in pressure in the eye of the hurricane can create a dome of water that can lead to an even more significant surge when it approaches the shoreline.

Tides

The normal tides can also play a role in amplifying or dampening the effects of storm surge. If a hurricane makes landfall during high tide, the storm surge will be much more severe. Conversely, if it makes landfall during low tide, the storm surge will be significantly less.

How Storm Surge Affects Land

Flooding

Storm surge can lead to severe flooding in low-lying coastal areas. Even a few inches of water can cause significant damage to homes, vehicles, and other property. Storm surge can also cause erosion of beaches and shorelines, leading to long-term damage to the ecosystem.

Structural Damage

The high-speed winds and debris that accompany hurricanes can cause significant damage to buildings and other infrastructure. When combined with storm surge, the forces exerted on buildings and other structures can be too much to withstand, leading to collapse and widespread destruction.

Safety Concerns

Storm surge poses a severe threat to human life, especially in areas where residents have not evacuated or taken adequate precautions. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has categorized storm surges as life-threatening hazards that require immediate evacuation actions for those in affected areas.

Preparing for Storm Surge

Evacuation Plan

If you live in a hurricane-prone area, it is essential to have an evacuation plan in place. This plan should include identifying your evacuation route and destination, as well as having an emergency evacuation kit ready.

Insurance

Make sure your home or business insurance covers flood damage caused by storm surge. Most standard homeowner policies do not cover flood damage and require separate coverage through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

Secure Outdoor Items

Before a hurricane approaches, secure outdoor items that could become flying debris. This includes patio furniture, umbrellas, and outdoor grills, as these items can become dangerous projectiles in high winds.

What to Do During a Storm Surge

Evacuate if Ordered

If you live in an area that has been ordered to evacuate, do so immediately. Follow the evacuation route and instructions provided by local authorities, and take your emergency kit with you.

Stay Informed

During a storm surge, stay informed by listening to your local radio or TV stations for updates and instructions from local authorities. Do not attempt to go outside or drive through flooded areas.

Move to Higher Ground

If you are unable to evacuate and are trapped in a home or building, move to higher ground if possible. Go to the highest floor in the building and avoid windows and exterior walls.

Frequently Asked Questions

• What is storm surge?

  Storm surge is the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide.

• What causes storm surge?

  Strong winds, low pressure, and tides can cause storm surge.

• How does storm surge impact land?

  Storm surge can cause severe flooding, structural damage, and pose safety concerns.

• How do I prepare for storm surge?

  Create an evacuation plan, ensure insurance coverage, and secure outdoor items before a hurricane approaches.

• What should I do during a storm surge?

  Evacuate if ordered, stay informed, and move to higher ground if possible.

Conclusion

In conclusion, storm surge is the deadliest aspect of hurricanes, causing severe flooding, structural damage, and safety concerns. It is essential to prepare for storm surge if you live in a hurricane-prone area, including having an evacuation plan, ensuring insurance coverage, and securing outdoor items before a hurricane approaches. We hope this article has provided valuable basic knowledge about storm surge and its impact during hurricanes. Stay safe and informed during hurricane season.

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Additional Resources

• Ready.gov - Floods
• National Hurricane Center - Storm Surge
• National Flood Insurance Program

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